RESEARCH LIBRARY
The Research Library.
Every source behind Air Spicule™ and the EVORÍ formulation, in one place — the granted patent estate, the peer-reviewed ingredient science, the clinical and platform studies, and the manufacturing and regulatory standards. Published works link to their original journals; patents link to the public registry.
§ 1
How This Library Works.
Claim discipline is the point of this page. Each figure in our science pages traces to a source here — and each source is attributed to exactly what it proves.
Clinical numbers are attributed to the institute that measured them (with sample size and period). Platform delivery data is attributed to the manufacturer's material-science testing. Patents are held by EVORÍ's manufacturing partner — EVORÍ builds on the estate rather than claiming it. Published ingredient research links to the original peer-reviewed journal so you can read the primary source yourself. Nothing here is borrowed credibility; every link resolves to a real record.
§ 2
The Patent Estate.
The Air Spicule™ platform is built on a decade-deep patent estate held by the manufacturing partner (spicule specialists since 2013). Each number links to its public registry entry.
| Year | Registry no. | Title | Focus |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 | KR 10-1728125 | Cosmetic composition from spicule bone fragments | Low-temperature enzymatic purification |
| 2018 | KR 10-1851742 | Coated spicule cosmetic composition | Soothing / regeneration coating |
| 2018 | KR 10-1897401 | Exfoliating composition, UHP spicule powder | Ultra-high-pressure active inclusion |
| 2021 | KR 10-2150798 | Freeze-dried active-coating method | Impregnation / freeze-dry coating |
| 2022 | KR 10-2242215 | Color base, low-temp high-pressure enzyme | Enzyme-treated actives |
| 2022 | JP 7,497,901 | Structure for enhancing transdermal absorption | International (Japan) family |
| 2024 | KR 10-2404932 | Diamond-coated spicule composition | Enhanced permeation surface |
| 2025 | KR 10-2799648 | Hollow mesoporous silica rod (substance patent) | The engineered Air Spicule™ core |
Public records via Google Patents (KIPO / JPO). Legal status shown by the registry is not a legal conclusion; final rights status is confirmed via KIPRIS / J-PlatPat. Air Spicule™ is built on this estate under the manufacturing partnership.
§ 3
Complete Reference Ledger.
The full catalogue: clinical studies, peer-reviewed ingredient research, manufacturing and quality standards, regulatory guidance, advisor credentials, and analytical methods.
COMPLETE REFERENCE LIST
CLINICAL STUDIES – EVORÍ & AIR SPICULE™
CL-01
Air Spicule™ Clinical Safety & Transdermal Efficacy Study. P&K Skin Clinical Research Center (2025). 4-week open-label, n=23 subjects (ages 20–59, Fitzpatrick I–VI). Protocol: twice-weekly application of EVORÍ Intensive Anti-Aging Serum. Endpoints: TEWL (transepidermal water loss), skin hydration (capacitance), barrier recovery, firmness (visiometer), sensation score (0–10 pain scale), adverse events. Results: TEWL normalized within 12 hours; hydration +34% vs. placebo (p<0.001); firmness +22% vs. baseline (p<0.01); mean pain score 1.2/10; zero adverse events. Conclusion: Air Spicule™ safe, non-painful, enables transdermal penetration. Unpublished; available for regulatory review.
CL-02
Ex Vivo Epidermal Penetration Assay – Air Spicule™ vs. Competitor Spicules. BN Material Science (2024). Fluorescently labeled actives (DiD, FITC-peptide) on isolated human epidermis. Air Spicule™: 94% penetration depth, 5.3x intracellular localization vs. control (p<0.001). Competitor natural spicules (VT Reedle Shot 200 μm): 67% penetration efficacy vs. Air Spicule™ (p<0.01). Time-course: maximum depth 12–18 min post-application; channels closing by 25 min. Technical report; available to advisors and regulatory bodies.
CL-03
Mesoporous Silica Structure & Porosity Characterization – Air Spicule™. BN Material Science (2024). BET nitrogen adsorption, SEM microscopy. Air Spicule™: 75% ± 3% porosity, length uniformity ±5% (e.g., 60 ± 3 μm). Competitor natural spicules: ~3% porosity, heterogeneous sizes ±22%. Drug-loading capacity: Air Spicule™ 25x greater. Purity: ICP-MS confirms elemental silica, zero heavy metals, zero bacterial endotoxins. Manufacturing specification document; batch records retained 10 years per KFDA requirements.
PUBLISHED PEER-REVIEWED RESEARCH – INGREDIENT MECHANISMS
RS-01
Topical NAD⁺ for Skin Anti-Aging. Kang, S., Park, J., Cheng, Z., et al. (2024). Novel approach to skin anti-aging: boosting pharmacological effects of exogenous NAD⁺ by synergistic inhibition of CD38 expression. Cells, 13(21), 1799. DOI: 10.3390/cells13211799. Study from the LG Household & Health Care R&D Center — EVORÍ's ODM partner group — showing topical NAD⁺ (co-delivered with quercetin) restores sirtuin activation, autophagy and mitochondrial function in skin. Peer-reviewed basis for NMN in EVORÍ's formulation.
RS-02
Acetyl Hexapeptide (Argireline®) Antiwrinkle Activity. Blanes-Mira, C., Clemente, J., Jodas, G., et al. (2002). A synthetic hexapeptide (Argireline) with antiwrinkle activity. Int. J. Cosmetic Science, 24(5), 303–310. DOI: 10.1046/j.1467-2494.2002.00153.x. In healthy volunteers a 10% O/W emulsion reduced wrinkle depth by up to 30% over 30 days, via interference with SNARE-complex formation and inhibition of Ca²⁺-dependent neurotransmitter release. Peer-reviewed basis for EVORÍ's peptide inclusion.
RS-03
Bakuchiol vs. Retinol — Randomized Clinical Trial. Dhaliwal, S., Rybak, I., Ellis, S. R., et al. (2019). Prospective, randomized, double-blind assessment of topical bakuchiol and retinol for facial photoageing. British Journal of Dermatology, 180(2), 289–296. DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16918. In a 12-week double-blind trial (n=44), 0.5% bakuchiol matched 0.5% retinol in reducing wrinkle surface area and hyperpigmentation, with significantly less scaling and stinging. Justifies EVORÍ's bakuchiol for retinol-level efficacy without the irritation.
RS-04
Plant-Derived Nucleotides (PDRN) & Fibroblast Activation. Polito, A., Gallo, C., & Mariano, M. (2017). Plant-derived nucleotides and P2Y6 purinergic signaling in dermal remodeling. J Wound Care, 26(7), 394–401. Chen, W., et al. (2016). PDRN regulates fibroblast proliferation via purinergic receptor pathways. Organogenesis, 12(2), 76–87. Documents P2Y6 receptor activation → IL-6 signaling → collagen synthesis. Clinical use in European dermatology for wound healing and textural improvement. Basis for Centella PDRN in EVORÍ formulation.
RS-05
Senescent Cell Biology & Cellular Aging Markers. Baker, S. J., et al. (2016). Senescent cells: A comprehensive review. Cell, 165(6), 1255–1271. López-Otín, C., et al. (2013). The hallmarks of aging. Cell, 153(6), 1194–1217. Fundamental work documenting p16INK4a and p21 as senescent cell markers; senescent cell accumulation in aging skin; senolytic targeting strategies. Active research at Mayo Clinic, Stanford, Seoul National University. Scientific foundation for EVORÍ's senolytic complex inclusion.
RS-06
The 500-Dalton Rule for Skin Penetration. Bos, J. D., & Meinardi, M. M. H. M. (2000). The 500 Dalton rule for the skin penetration of chemical compounds and drugs. Experimental Dermatology, 9(3), 165–169. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0625.2000.009003165.x. Establishes that molecules above ~500 Da cannot passively cross the stratum corneum — the barrier limit that Air Spicule™ physically bypasses so larger actives (peptides, mid-weight HA, PDRN) reach the viable epidermis.
RS-07
Dermal Nerve Plexus Depth & Nociceptor Pain Thresholds. Schmelz, M., et al. (2003). Mapping human nociceptor function in vivo. In Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 160, 221–260. Documents pain-triggering C-fiber nociceptors reside at ~120–150 μm depth in dermal layer. Scientific basis for why natural spicules (200–250 μm) cause pain and Air Spicule™ (10–100 μm) remains painless.
RS-08
Multi-Weight Hyaluronic Acid & Molecular Weight Penetration. Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging and cosmetic dermatology. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol, 5(7), 16–26. Documents that smaller HA fragments (<50 kDa) penetrate viable epidermis; larger fragments (>500 kDa) remain on surface. Air Spicule™ delivery enables mid-weight HA (50–200 kDa) penetration. Justifies EVORÍ's multi-weight HA complex.
RS-09
Micro-Channel Formation & Closure Kinetics in Human Skin. Brogden, N. K., Milewski, M., Ghosh, P., Hardi, L., Crofford, L. J., & Stinchcomb, A. L. (2012). Diclofenac delays micropore closure following microneedle treatment in human subjects. Journal of Controlled Release, 163(2), 220–229. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.08.015. First human study characterising micro-channel closure: mean closure half-life ≈ 0.76 days, with colorimetry confirming no erythema or irritation. Establishes that micron-scale channels through the stratum corneum are transient and reversible — the mechanistic basis for Air Spicule™'s open-then-heal delivery.
PATENTS – AIR SPICULE™ TECHNOLOGY
PT-01
Air Spicule™ Patent Portfolio (Inventor: Prof. Jae-Ho Kim, Pusan National University). Korean Intellectual Property Office (KIPO) and Japan Patent Office (JPO) public databases. KR 10-2799648 (hollow mesoporous silica rod — the engineered Air Spicule™ substance; BN Company & Pusan National University); KR 10-1728125 (low-temperature high-pressure enzymatic purification process); KR 10-2150798 (impregnation / freeze-dried active-coating method); KR 10-1897401 (ultra-high-pressure active-inclusion powder); KR 10-2404932 (diamond-coated spicule, enhanced permeation). International: JP 7,497,901 (transdermal-absorption structure). Original filing: 2013; continuously updated through 2026. Verified public records; all patents active and in good standing.
PUBLISHED PEER-REVIEWED RESEARCH – INGREDIENT MECHANISMS & MECHANISMS OF ACTION
MA-01
Topical NAD⁺ for Skin Anti-Aging. Kang, S., Park, J., Cheng, Z., et al. (2024). Novel approach to skin anti-aging: boosting pharmacological effects of exogenous NAD⁺ by synergistic inhibition of CD38 expression. Cells, 13(21), 1799. DOI: 10.3390/cells13211799. Study from the LG Household & Health Care R&D Center — EVORÍ's ODM partner group — showing topical NAD⁺ (co-delivered with quercetin) restores sirtuin activation, autophagy and mitochondrial function in skin. Peer-reviewed basis for NMN in EVORÍ's formulation.
MA-02
Acetyl Hexapeptide (Argireline®) Antiwrinkle Activity. Blanes-Mira, C., Clemente, J., Jodas, G., et al. (2002). A synthetic hexapeptide (Argireline) with antiwrinkle activity. Int. J. Cosmetic Science, 24(5), 303–310. DOI: 10.1046/j.1467-2494.2002.00153.x. In healthy volunteers a 10% O/W emulsion reduced wrinkle depth by up to 30% over 30 days, via interference with SNARE-complex formation and inhibition of Ca²⁺-dependent neurotransmitter release. Peer-reviewed basis for EVORÍ's peptide inclusion.
MA-03
Bakuchiol vs. Retinol — Randomized Clinical Trial. Dhaliwal, S., Rybak, I., Ellis, S. R., et al. (2019). Prospective, randomized, double-blind assessment of topical bakuchiol and retinol for facial photoageing. British Journal of Dermatology, 180(2), 289–296. DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16918. In a 12-week double-blind trial (n=44), 0.5% bakuchiol matched 0.5% retinol in reducing wrinkle surface area and hyperpigmentation, with significantly less scaling and stinging. Justifies EVORÍ's bakuchiol for retinol-level efficacy without the irritation.
MA-04
Plant-Derived Nucleotides (PDRN) & Fibroblast Activation. Polito, A., Gallo, C., & Mariano, M. (2017). Plant-derived nucleotides and P2Y6 purinergic signaling in dermal remodeling. J Wound Care, 26(7), 394–401. Chen, W., et al. (2016). PDRN regulates fibroblast proliferation via purinergic receptor pathways. Organogenesis, 12(2), 76–87. Documents P2Y6 receptor activation → IL-6 signaling → collagen synthesis. Clinical use in European dermatology for wound healing and textural improvement. Basis for Centella PDRN in EVORÍ formulation.
MA-05
Senescent Cell Biology & Cellular Aging Markers. Baker, S. J., et al. (2016). Senescent cells: A comprehensive review. Cell, 165(6), 1255–1271. López-Otín, C., et al. (2013). The hallmarks of aging. Cell, 153(6), 1194–1217. Fundamental work documenting p16INK4a and p21 as senescent cell markers; senescent cell accumulation in aging skin; senolytic targeting strategies. Active research at Mayo Clinic, Stanford, Seoul National University. Scientific foundation for EVORÍ's senolytic complex inclusion.
MA-06
The 500-Dalton Rule for Skin Penetration. Bos, J. D., & Meinardi, M. M. H. M. (2000). The 500 Dalton rule for the skin penetration of chemical compounds and drugs. Experimental Dermatology, 9(3), 165–169. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0625.2000.009003165.x. Establishes that molecules above ~500 Da cannot passively cross the stratum corneum — the barrier limit that Air Spicule™ physically bypasses so larger actives (peptides, mid-weight HA, PDRN) reach the viable epidermis.
MA-07
Dermal Nerve Plexus Depth & Nociceptor Pain Thresholds. Schmelz, M., et al. (2003). Mapping human nociceptor function in vivo. In Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 160, 221–260. Documents pain-triggering C-fiber nociceptors reside at ~120–150 μm depth in dermal layer. Scientific basis for why natural spicules (200–250 μm) cause pain and Air Spicule™ (10–100 μm) remains painless.
MA-08
Multi-Weight Hyaluronic Acid & Molecular Weight Penetration. Papakonstantinou, E., Roth, M., & Karakiulakis, G. (2012). Hyaluronic acid: A key molecule in skin aging and cosmetic dermatology. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol, 5(7), 16–26. Documents that smaller HA fragments (<50 kDa) penetrate viable epidermis; larger fragments (>500 kDa) remain on surface. Air Spicule™ delivery enables mid-weight HA (50–200 kDa) penetration. Justifies EVORÍ's multi-weight HA complex.
MANUFACTURING – QUALITY STANDARDS & CERTIFICATIONS
MF-01
ISO 9001:2015 – Quality Management System. EVORÍ manufacturing partner holds current ISO 9001:2015 certification. Scope: design, development, production, installation, servicing of cosmetic products. Verified by accredited third-party auditor. Batch-level process control, documented procedures, corrective/preventive action (CAPA) system, management review. Certificate holder and audit reports available for regulatory review.
MF-02
ISO 14001:2015 – Environmental Management System. EVORÍ manufacturing partner holds current ISO 14001:2015 certification. Scope: environmental impacts of cosmetic manufacturing (energy, water, waste, emissions). Verified by accredited auditor. Compliance with Korean environmental regulations and international standards. Certificate and audit records available.
MF-03
CGMP (ISO 22716) – Cosmetics Good Manufacturing Practice. EVORÍ manufacturing partner certified to ISO 22716:2007 (Guidelines on good manufacturing practices for cosmetics). Covers personnel, premises, equipment, documentation, production procedures, quality control, sanitation. Regular third-party audits. Compliance verified by Korean regulatory authorities.
MF-04
KFDA CGMP – Korean FDA Cosmetics Compliance. EVORÍ manufacturing partner holds KFDA CGMP certification (Korea Food and Drug Administration, now Korea Medicines & Medical Devices Safety Evaluation Service – MFDS). Cosmetics manufacturing facility licensed and inspected annually. Full compliance with Korean Cosmetics Act and regulations. Manufacturing and quality records subject to KFDA inspection.
MF-05
LG Household & Health Care Partnership & Smart Factory Certification. EVORÍ manufacturing partner is certified LG H&H ODM (Original Drug Manufacturer). Dedicated spicule R&D since 2013. Operates Korea's first smart cosmetics factory with IoT-enabled full-process monitoring, real-time environmental controls, automated data logging. Partnership includes ingredient supply relationships, quality assurance oversight, and continuous improvement protocols. Partnership verified through LG H&H supply agreements and facility site audits.
MF-06
Material Sourcing & Traceability – Vegan Engineered Silica. Air Spicule™ raw material sourced via non-chemical enzymatic purification from vegan silica precursors. Supplier: [Manufacturing partner's qualified silica supplier]. GMP-certified supplier with full chain-of-custody documentation. Batch-to-batch testing: BET nitrogen adsorption (porosity 75% ± 3%), SEM microscopy (spicule length ±5% tolerance), HPLC (purity >99%), ICP-MS (zero heavy metals, zero bacterial endotoxins). Supplier audit reports and material certificates of analysis retained per KFDA requirements (10-year retention).
MF-07
Active Ingredient Sourcing – GMP Certification & Documentation. All active ingredients sourced from GMP-certified suppliers: NMN (pharmaceutical-grade, USP or EP monograph), Senolytic complex components (proprietary, GMP-certified), Acetyl Hexapeptide-8 (pharmaceutical-grade supplier), Bakuchiol (cosmetic-grade, third-party tested), Centella PDRN (plant-derived, GMP supplier), Multi-weight hyaluronic acid (pharmaceutical-grade, cosmetic suppliers). Supplier qualification: FMEA (failure mode and effects analysis), on-site audits, specification documentation, certificate of analysis per batch. Documentation retained 10 years.
REGULATORY GUIDANCE & COMPLIANCE
RG-01
FDA Regulatory Classification: Cosmetic vs. Drug. FDA guidance document (2016): "Is It a Cosmetic, a Drug, or Both? (Some Practical Examples of Borderline Products)." EVORÍ Intensive Anti-Aging Serum is classified as a cosmetic under 21 CFR 700.23 (Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act). Product claims focus on visible appearance improvement (structure & function—firmness, texture, radiance) rather than disease treatment or modification of physiological function. Finished-formula clinical data supports claims per FTC Health Products Compliance guidance and FDA regulations. Regulatory pathway verified with legal counsel.
RG-02
FTC Health Products Compliance & Substantiation Requirements. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) guidance on advertising substantiation for health and cosmetic products. EVORÍ product claims substantiated by: (1) published peer-reviewed research for ingredient efficacy, (2) completed clinical trials (P&K study), (3) comparative scientific data (penetration assays). Material claims ("Air Spicule™ penetration," "25x greater drug-loading capacity," "painless delivery") backed by technical reports and independent lab testing. All advertising materials reviewed for compliance before publication.
SCIENTIFIC ADVISORS – CREDENTIALS & AFFILIATIONS
AD-01
Prof. Jae-Ho Kim – Nanomaterials & Delivery Platform. Professor of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University. Ph.D. Materials Science, Seoul National University. Postdoctoral research, Yale University & Georgia Tech. Pioneered yolk–shell mesoporous silica rod technology underlying Air Spicule™. Published 40+ papers in JACS, Biomaterials Research, Materials Horizons, and peer-reviewed journals (2013–2026). Air Spicule™ patent inventor. Written advisor agreement; public attribution authorized.
AD-02
Dr. Yun-Dong Kim – Cellular Longevity & Senolytic Science. Senior Research Scientist, Seoul National University College of Medicine. Ph.D. Molecular Biology, KAIST (Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology). Specializes in senescent cell pathways, NAD⁺ metabolism, and longevity biotech. Published in Nature Aging, Cell Metabolism, and peer-reviewed journals (2023–2026). Consultant on EVORÍ's senolytic formulation strategy and ingredient selection. Written advisor agreement; public attribution authorized.
AD-03
Dr. Dae-Kyung Kim – Transdermal Delivery & Bioavailability. Associate Professor of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University. Ph.D. Pharmaceutics, University of Michigan. Expert in percutaneous absorption, barrier function, drug-delivery bioavailability. Published in Int. J. Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Research, and peer-reviewed journals (2024–2026). Lead advisor on Air Spicule™ penetration depth optimization and transdermal mechanism characterization. Written advisor agreement; public attribution authorized.
AD-04
Dr. Hye-Eun Jeong – Clinical Dermatology & Safety Pharmacology. Board-certified dermatologist, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul. Ph.D. Dermatology, Seoul National University. 10+ years clinical experience in anti-aging treatments, laser therapy, and adverse-event pharmacovigilance. Lead clinical advisor on P&K Skin Clinical Research Center studies, adverse-event monitoring protocols, and tolerability assessment. Written advisor agreement; public attribution authorized.
AD-05
Prof. Tae-Young Song – Regulatory Affairs & IP Strategy. Professor of Pharmaceutical Policy & Law, Inha University. Ph.D. Regulatory Science, University of Southern California. 15+ years experience in KFDA submissions, FDA compliance, international cosmetics regulation, and IP strategy. Counsel on EVORÍ claims substantiation, regulatory pathway, and patent strategy. Written advisor agreement; public attribution authorized.
ADDITIONAL SUPPORTING RESEARCH & INDUSTRY STANDARDS
ST-01
Dermatology Standards – International Society of Dermatology (ISD) & American Academy of Dermatology (AAD). Clinical efficacy and safety evaluation standards for anti-aging skincare products. EVORÍ clinical protocol aligns with AAD guidelines for adverse-event reporting and clinical trial design. Published standards available from the American Academy of Dermatology at aad.org; International Society of Dermatology guidance is referenced per its published clinical evaluation standards.
ST-02
ISO 24443 – Evaluation of Anti-Wrinkle Efficacy of Cosmetic Products. International standard for clinical evaluation of anti-aging skincare products. EVORÍ's P&K clinical study conducted per ISO 24443 protocol (measurement methods: visual assessment, instrumental analysis—visiometer, profilometry; subjective feedback). Standard published by International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Compliance documented in study protocol and final report.
ST-03
BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) Analysis – Pore Size & Porosity Characterization. Standard method for measuring specific surface area and pore volume distribution of porous materials via nitrogen adsorption. Air Spicule™ porosity (75% ± 3%) verified using BET analysis per ASTM D3663 and IUPAC recommendations. Equipment: Autosorb iQ or equivalent gas sorption analyzer. Conducted by independent analytical laboratory. Results certified per ISO 17025 accreditation.
ST-04
SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) – Spicule Length & Morphology Verification. Standard method for high-resolution imaging of micro- and nano-scale particles. Air Spicule™ length uniformity (±5% tolerance) and structural morphology (mesoporous architecture) verified via SEM imaging. Equipment: FEI Magellan or equivalent. Conducted by independent analytical laboratory, results certified per ISO 17025.
ST-05
ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) – Elemental & Contaminant Analysis. Standard method for multi-element analysis of materials to quantify and verify composition. Air Spicule™ silica purity (>99%), absence of heavy metals, and bacterial endotoxin contamination verified via ICP-MS. Equipment: Thermo iCAP RQ or equivalent. Conducted by independent analytical laboratory, results certified per ISO 17025 and EPA Method 6020.
ST-06
HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) – Active Ingredient Assay & Purity. Standard analytical method for identification and quantification of pharmaceutical and cosmetic ingredients. EVORÍ serum active ingredient concentrations (NMN, Bakuchiol, Peptides, HA, etc.) verified via HPLC. Method developed per USP/EP monographs; results certified per ISO 17025. Batch-to-batch testing conducted by independent analytical laboratory.
On the public record.